National Business Systems Variations

National Business Systems Variations In this paper I will investigate how Porters jewel model clarifies the varieties in national business frameworks and similar monetary execution and how much different thoughts and approaches will be required. Watchman presented the precious stone model of national upper hand (1990) to clarify why various nations are more serious than others and why various organizations inside the nations are progressively serious. The model recommends that the national command post of an industry assumes a significant job in accomplishing a bit of leeway on an all inclusive scale. This command post contributes the basic factors that will bolster the associations in building preferences in worldwide rivalry. Japans car industry and US semiconductor industry have both been connected to Porters precious stone model in making one of a kind business frameworks and increasing upper hand over different ventures. Doorman (1990) recognized four determinants in accomplishing a national upper hand he infers that a blend of the four determinates inside a country has a gigantic impact on the serious quality of the organizations situated there. Watchman (1990) contends that serious enterprises appear as particular bunches of locally established firms. Bunches are associated through vertical relations, for example, purchasers coordinating with providers or through flat relations through clients, innovation, aptitudes, conveyance channels and so on (Chen et al 2008). These specific bunches will empower a country to make business frameworks which will prompt upper hand and financial achievement. Factor condition is the countries position on elements of creation that is important to contend in a given industry, for instance talented work or foundation. These national factors regularly give introductory favorable circumstances to the country. Every country has specific factor conditions that are increasingly great. For instance, Japans huge pool of specialists is reflected by the quantity of building graduates. These building graduates have been fundamental to Japans achievement in assortment of assembling businesses. Watchman (1990) brings up that these variables dont must be nature made or acquired. Home interest conditions can impact the making of explicit factor conditions which can influence the heading of the development and progression of item improvement. Doorman contends (1990) that home interest settles upon three significant qualities. First the blend of clients needs and needs. Second the requesting purchasers in the command post will pressure organizations into satisfying high guidelines. For instance Japanese purchasers esteem space-sparing gave the country a lead in minimized items and Americas significant distances have prompted serious quality in exceptionally enormous truck motors. Third, an industry will have a bit of leeway in showcase portions which are more significant at home than somewhere else. In every one of these examples, it isn't the size of the home market that is significant, yet the degree to which it urges firms to enhance. A huge home market which meets every one of the three conditions will be exceptionally steady of universal seriousness (Davie s and Ellis 2000). A related and supporting industry is the point at which one all inclusive fruitful assembling organization can make preferences in other comparable assembling organizations. A country ventures will be better ready to contend globally if there are groups of enterprises in the command post economy which are connected to one another through vertical or even connections among providers, clients and conveyance channels. For instance Germany has a bunch in synthetic substances and USA in the semi-conductor industry. Dyer (1994) found in his examination that the Japanese system associations with their providers can empower the organization to send their laborers to help clients with the work, position the processing plant close to the clients or even put resources into physical resources that are altered. This will along these lines permit the Japaneses auto organizations to stay aware of the stock and transportation costs low empowering them to improve the item advancement. For instance To yota had the option to profit by their creation arranges as they made get together manufacturing plants that are geologically close with their providers. The firm structure, methodology, and competition are the conditions administering how organizations are formed, overseen and manage residential contention in a country. The social components are significant for every country. For instance every nation will have diverse social qualities in which the business is organized. This will make benefits for every country and industry. In Japan the car business competition is solid, has seven significant organizations: Toyota, Honda, Nissan, Mitsubishi, Suzuki, Mazda, and Subaru which all battle for the piece of the overall industry. These seven organizations contend strongly in the home country, and inside different countries and markets. Solid local rivalry requests every one of these organizations to have prevalent advances, items, and the executives practices to contend and get by, for instance there is high number of architects in the board that accentuation on improving assembling forms. The US has just two fundamental organizations in v ehicle industry which are Ford and General Motors. The US fabricates have expressed that the nature of the vehicles of Japanese vehicles is superior to the US vehicles. Toyota and different automakers in Japan had the option to snatch 25% of the US auto advertise industry while the US home makers for the vehicles couldn't contend with the Japanese cost and on the nature of the item (Buffa 1984). Notwithstanding the four conditions, Porter (1990) brings up two significant parts which are the job of chance which are significant as it permits countries to move their serious position and change the states of the precious stone model. Chance occasions impactsly affect countries for instance the oil stun assisted with overhauling Japanese industry (Porter 1990). The job of the legislature is a significant impact on present day global rivalry. The legislatures can advance the arrangements a country ought to follow to make points of interest, empowering the enterprises in a country to build up a solid serious position all inclusive. For instance the administration strategy for Japan and US has made accomplishment for these countries. As per Porter (1990) governments can advance the preferences by guaranteeing there is high capability of item execution, moral principles, or empowering sensibility and exchange between the providers and purchasers on a residential level. For instance t he US governments gave enormous help in semiconductor industry in concentrating on explicit items that satisfy purchaser need for instance the rocket framework in the US national security. Countries can utilize Porters (1990) precious stone model to recognize which organizations frameworks they can work to create an upper hand and contend with others countries internationally. The Japanese have impressive preferences in Porters jewel factors. The semiconductor assembling and programming administrations are key ventures that have contributed incredibly to US development and efficiency during the 1970s. Okimoto, Sugana and Weinstein (1984) research found that the US organizations had the option to get upper hand in key ventures, for example, steel, autos and buyer gadgets. These organizations had the capacity to set the principles of every industry, make new innovation and control portions of the world market. The business sectors and enterprises that Japan have picked or made an upper hand are the cars, steel, bikes, cameras and little apparatuses. The accomplishment of Japanese vehicle industry is because of the cozy associations with their providers. For instance both Toyota and Nissan can work intimately with their flexibly creation system to deliver top notch vehicles; this gives the Japanese producers a bit of leeway over the US automakers (Dyer 1994). Examination found on Numakura (2004) article has demonstrated that the Japanese car organizations have more noteworthy higher overall revenues than the American organizations. This is on the grounds that the Japanese creation frameworks, for example, Just in time (JIT) and Kaizen have empowered the business to build their profitability and cost decrease. Contrasted with US, instead of having a cozy relationship, the organizations are bound to impact their provider by various key polices (Buffa 1987). During the 1970s the Japanese had w ork cost points of interest, solid systems of providers, extremely requesting buyers which empowered them to increase upper hand over different countries. Anyway Porter (1990) underplays the job of history, late improvement hypothesis, globalization, culture and administrative venture in deciding the upper hand. Because of characterizing the issue not entirely, he offers an inadequate arrangement (O Shaughnessy 1997). This shows different methodologies are required to clarify different business frameworks and relative financial execution in countries. Gerschenkron (1962) hypothesis on late industrialisation could be another way to deal with Porters hypothesis to clarify the monetary exhibition of a country. The hypothesis shows how Japan as a country had the option to experience a time of fast development during 1951-1990 that helped them to contend all around. Japans economy supported after the US declined as during the 1970s the Japanese organizations had the option to supplant the US heads in key enterprises. The creation and activity the executives empowered the Japanese businesses to turn into a serious country. This was done through their creation frameworks and assembling items requiring little to no effort. The Japanese organizations had the option to do this by offering the buyers great quality items at modest costs. Table 1 (Capdevielle Alvarez 1981) shows a similar proof of how US organizations efficiency found the middle value of at 2.7% in 1960 and diminished at - 0.3% at 1980. While simultaneously Japan found the middle value of an efficiency increment of 9.4%, Germany and France produ

What are Financial Statements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

What are Financial Statements - Essay Example The primary target of budgetary announcing is to move the data, regardless of whether subjective or quantitative, about a specific business to other people who are keen on contributing. Money related announcing gives monetary data with respect to the corporation’s capital financial specialists, loan bosses and banks who need to settle on choices on their capacity as capital suppliers. It is as a rundown of the presentation, or capacity, in expanding, overseeing, and use of the capital by an element. Money related revealing is spoken to by four kinds of fiscal summaries which show the company’s budgetary position. These budget reports are very demanding and give a quantitative review of the company’s money related wellbeing. The accounting report speaks to the budgetary circumstance of an organization by giving the benefits, liabilities, and proprietors value at a specific point in time or it focuses outs the organization's total assets. Resources are financial advantages held an organization because of its past exchanges. Also, liabilities are the obligations and commitments that an organization had provided that the company’s past exchanges. The pay articulation, otherwise called the benefit and shortfall proclamation shows the company’s net benefit or deficit during a given timeframe by detailing the company’s winning to its financial specialists. The third proclamation, the announcement of income reports the income for the working, financing and contributing exercises. In conclusion, the announcement of held income reports the adjustments in the held profit of the organization. Fiscal reports likewise incorporate notes which give advantageous data about the company’s money related circumstance by portraying the standards utilized in the bookkeeping group, the clarification of the data in the announcements or some other clarification that isn't a piece of the statement.â Budget summaries likewise help in the count of the budgetary proportions which are utilized to survey and gauge the money related circumstance of the organization and these additionally of help with examining the announcements themselves.â â

6 Effective Ways To Secure A Wireless Network

6 Effective Ways To Secure A Wireless Network Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!6 Effective Ways To Secure A Wireless NetworkUpdated On 18/05/2014Author : Irfan ShakeelTopic : SecurityShort URL : http://hbb.me/S5M342 CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogThere are mainly two types of networks one is wired and the other is wireless. Wireless network is simply a computer network that is wireless. The importance of wireless network is not a hidden truth. Many people of you also using different wireless network for your home and office computers, using a wireless network is not enough you have to secure your computer into the age of technology, below are the tips to secure your wireless network.#1 Change Administrative Password : Router is an essential component to deploy a network, at the core of any wifi home network there is a access point or router, for managing your network manufacturer provides and account to access into router setting, manuf acturer bind router with default password that can easily be find on manufacturer website you must change this password.#2 Think About SSID : SSID stands for Service Set IDentifier, you must change the default SSID name and turn off the SSID broadcasting to secure your wireless network. Basically most of access point and router continuously broadcast the network name (SSID) by your SSID name an attacker can identify your wireless device, if you turn off this than you are invisible for the other networks.#3 Limit Antenna Transmitter Power : Yes it sound cool but its not enough easy to implement, basically you will not find this feature on all the access point or router, but there are some routers that allow you to limit and reduce the transmitting power so that an illegitimate user cannot pick enough power to enter into the network.Well there are some attenuator are available in the market that reduce the transmitting power.#4 Use Static IP :  Internet Protocol (IP) ar e the unique identity of the devices over the network, technology has been changed now most of the routers using dynamic IP address that is allow IP to every machine (computer or router etc) dynamically, this is not the right way to the home user, you must use the static or fixed IP mechanism instead of DHCP to prevent the misuse of your network.#5 Turn On Firewall : Now a days routers contain built in firewall that prevents hackers to gaining access into your computer, you must check that your firewall should turn on because there is a option to turn it off. Beside it you must install an extra firewall on your computer to enhance the security.#6 Use Encryption:Cryptography is simply the art of secrete communication, all the wireless equipment support some form of encryption. You must enable encryption feature to enhance the security. If you are using encryption technique so that your data that travel on air cannot read by human, if an attacker start sniffing on your network than he would not able to read your data.READHOW TO: Pull Readers In To Your Blog PostsThis article is written by Irfan Shakeel. He is an Ethical Hacker/Penetration tester and currently running a Hacking Blog.

Use Of Manual Therapy Treatments For Patients With Neck...

Reviewer #3: Thank you for the opportunity to review this paper. The research question is valuable with respect to the use of manual therapy treatments for patients with neck pain. The ability to ascertain the effects of mobilization on blood pressure has not had a lot of attention and therefore the research brings new knowledge to the topic. The outcome of the research indicating a reduction in systolic BP with a unilat PA mobilization is also of interest and in contrast to other research, even if this is a non neck pain group. The paper is well written, the methodology clear and robust. The results are clearly presented and the conclusion is sound. There are no typographical or grammatical errors that I could see. Comment #1: My only comment is perhaps the authors could discuss either in the introduction or conclusion a little more the relationship with blood pressure and vertebral artery insufficiency (VBI). Response: We agree that discussing the relationship between blood pressure and vertebral artery risks would be helpful. (â€Å"Introduction† section in the middle of page 5) Instead of VBI, we discussed the relationship between high blood pressure and vertebral artery dissection: â€Å"This hypertensive phenomenon becomes increasingly relevant because it has been associated as a risk factor for vertebral artery dissection or VAD (Rushton et al., 2014, Pezzini et al, 2006). Notwithstanding, the overall incidence of VAD is approximately 1-1.5 per 100,000 (Lee et al., 2006,Show MoreRelatedEssay On Soft Tissue Mobilizationation1496 Words   |  6 Pagesinitial presentation and pain level during the evaluation, soft-tissue mobilization and myofascial release was performed. The patient was positioned supine with one pillow and a bolster placed under bilateral lower extremities. Extreme stiffness in bilateral sternocleidomastoid muscles consisted as the main focus of the initial treatment. The manual strokes were applied with moderate pressure in a superior to inferior fashion along the direction of the muscle fibers. Treatment duration lasted 15 minutesRead MoreDifferential Diagnosis And Treatment Of A Patient With Posterior Upper Thoracic Pain1047 Words   |  5 PagesThis article review is over the case report â€Å"Differential Diagnosis and Treatment in a Patient with Posterior Upper Thoracic Pain,† found in the Journal of the American Physical Therapy Association. The purpose of this article case report is to propose that CV/CT mobilization and active Trigger point release can be helpful in reducing pain and increasing ROM back to functional limitations. Not only does this article provide interventions but it also describes clinical decision making which I foundRead MoreEvaluation Of A Form Of Manual Therapy ( Mt ) Affects Conditioned Pain Modulation Essay1071 Words   |  5 Pagesform of manual therapy (MT) affects conditioned pain modulation (CPM) among adults with chronic idiopathic neck pain (CINP). Scope of the problem: â€Å"Why is the study important?† Chronic neck pain is common, costly, and a leading cause of disability. Literature suggests that ascending pain pathways (i.e. pain pressure threshold or PPT) and/or descending pain pathways (i.e. CPM) may be impaired in those with chronic pain [please see Appendix for illustration of ascending and descending pain pathways]Read MoreMoreover, The Substance Abuse And Mental Health (2011)712 Words   |  3 Pagesthat 27–60 percent of chronic pain patients use CAM.† Nonetheless, clinicians are urged to learn about this alternative treatment for pain which raise the possibility of interactions with conventional treatments. Cheatle et al., reports that acupuncture, one of the most widely used CAM therapies for substance abuse, yoga, and optimal healing environment are some of the many options currently being used and studied in the literature as options for treatment of patients with SUDs (2014, p. 46-47). ResearchesRead MoreManual Therapy, Traction, And Exercise For Patients With Cervical Radiculopathy1007 Words   |  5 PagesTitle: Manual therapy, traction, and exercise for patients with cervical radiculopathy: a randomized clinical trial. Author of CAT (Date): Russell Leighty (2/16/15) Clinical Scenario: Adult female accountant complaints of right-sided lateral upper extremity numbness and tingling, pain, weakness, and dropping things held in right hand. PICO (Clinical) Question: For adult patients with cervical radiculopathy, is manual therapy plus exercise superior to mechanical traction plus exercise? ClinicalRead MoreProfessionalism And The Medical Profession Essay1315 Words   |  6 Pagesrequiring two rounds of surgery to mend the broken bones. Unfortunately, I continued to suffer from the side effects of the surgical procedures. My neck and shoulder pain, headache, and indigestion worsened to the point that I had difficulty carrying out normal social and academic activities. I frequented several hospitals and underwent numerous exams and treatments, but my symptoms remained. Frustrated and disappointed, Ilost confidence in myself and motivation to overcome this challenge. While I was unableRead MoreObservation Of The Client, The Head1318 Words   |  6 Pagesmotion examination of the cervical spine indicates pain 2 type on active and passive extension. Similarly, pain 2 type is reproduced on right side flexion on both active and passive movement. On passive accessory intervertebral movement examination, Postero-anterior central pressure (PA) reproduces pain before resistance at the 6th cervical vertebrae. Postero-anterior unilateral pressure on the right articular processes patient experiences pain before resistance at the 6th and 7th cervical vertebraeRead MoreA Research On The Musculoskeletal System905 Words   |  4 Pagesjoint’s range of motion, a buildup of calcium, the formation of scar tissue and pain. Chiropractors use various methods and treatments to return the joint to its proper position. Injuries Chiropractors at Icon Medical Centers near Hialeah Frequently Treat The licensed chiropractors at Icon Medical Centers frequently treat: frozen shoulders; runner’s knee; tennis elbow; other injuries to the extremities; neck injuries (including whiplash); and back injuries. Chiropractic CareRead MoreWhat Is The Categorisation Of Preparation Of Synthesis Of Evidence Of Quantitative Studies1147 Words   |  5 PagesCategorisation of Synthesis of evidence of quantitative studies Treatment aspects: The clinical trial of Ferreira et al. (2013) identified that therapeutic relationship was more strongly influenced patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) who had received spinal manipulative therapy or exercise therapy than patient received motor control exercise. Chronic neck pain patient received the traditional bone setting technique (TBS) (which is a soft manual mobilization technique focusing on the muscles, jointsRead MoreNursing Case Study1214 Words   |  5 Pagesacute unilateral neck pain resulted in a significant decrease (P .001) in self-reported level of pain at worst. This reduction in pain across all subjects almost reached clinical significance. Additionally, the reduction in worst pain reported from pre- to post-treatment was significantly different (P = .027) between the two groups with the AP group experiencing a greater reduction in pain than the LAT group. Therefore, the AP glide may be a better treatment option for reducing pain in individuals

Essay on Characteristics that Accompany Fetal Alcohol...

Characteristics that Accompany Fetal Alcohol Syndrome There are different characteristics that accompany fetal alcohol syndrome or FAS in the different stages of a childs life. At birth, infants with intrauterine exposure to alcohol frequently have low birth rate; pre-term delivery; a small head circumference; and the characteristic facial features of the eyes, nose, and mouth (Phelps, 1995). Some of the facial abnormalities that are common of children with FAS are: small head size, small eye openings, broad nasal bridge, flattened mid-faces, thin upper lip, skin folds at the corners of the eyes, indistinct groove on the upper lip, low nasal ridge, and an abnormal smallness of the lower jaw (Wekselman, Spiering, Hetteberg,†¦show more content†¦There are many behavioral characteristics that are common among children with FAS. The most common characteristic is hyperactivity (Phelps, 1995). Hyperactivity is found in 85% of FAS-affected children regardless of IQ(Wekeselman 1995). School failure, behavior management difficulties , and safety issues are some of the problems associated with hyperactivity and attention deficit disorder. Another behavioral abnormality of with children with FAS, is social problems. Specific difficulties included inability to respect personal boundaries, inappropriately affectionate, demanding of attention, bragging, stubborn, poor peer relations, and overly tactile in social interactions (Phelps, 1995). Children are sometimes not diagnosed with FAS until they reach kindergarten and are in a real school setting. School-aged children with FAS still have most of the same physical and mental problems that were diagnosed when they were younger. The craniofacial malformations is one of the only physical characteristic that diminishes during late childhood (Phelps, 1995). Several studies have evaluated specific areas of cognitive dysfunction in school-age children exposed parentally to alcohol. Researchers have substantiated: (a) short term memory deficits in verbal and visual ma terial; (b) inadequate processing of information, reflected sparse integration of information and poor quality of responses; (c) inflexible approaches to problem solving; and (d)Show MoreRelatedAlcohol Use For Disease Control And Prevention1446 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Alcohol Use in Pregnancy.† CDC. 17 April 2014. Web. 20 April 2016. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that there is no known safe amount of alcohol use during pregnancy or while trying to get pregnant. The article suggests that â€Å"women also should not drink alcohol if they are sexually active and do not use effective contraception (birth control). This is because a women might get pregnant and expose her baby to alcohol before the mother knows she is pregnant.Read MoreThe Problem Of Being Born Addicted937 Words   |  4 Pagesevery couple, whether they be newlyweds or not, at some point discusses and dreams of having a little bundle of joy to bring into the world and expand their little family. They long for the gift of a baby and the responsibilities of parenthood that accompany it. Most couples or single parents will do anything and everything to protect their child/children and give them the world. However, not everyone does so. A growing problem, not only in my area, but across the United States is infant s being bornRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay1984 Words   |  8 PagesFetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) are identified as a category of birth disorders caused by prenatal alcohol exposure. These can include physical or intellectual anomalies, such as cardiac, skeletal, visual, aural, and fine or gross motor problems. (Callanan, 2013) Prevention would involve alcohol use prevention programs for women who are pregnant, and treatment for FAS and FASD would be aimed at helping those affected realize their full potential through bothRead MoreThe Effects Of Fetal Alcohol On Pregnancy Essay1986 Words   |  8 Pagesconsume alcohol despite the warnings of possible birth defects? Many are familiar with the Just Say No campaign spearheaded by Nancy Reagan in the 1980 s to prevent drug and alcohol use among teens. However, many turn a blind eye to the warnings of the surgeon general stating alcohol consumption during pregnancy can result in birt h defects. When a pregnant woman consumes alcohol, she puts her fetus at risk from mild to severe physical, mental and cognitive disabilities. Fetal alcohol spectrumRead MoreEffects of Alcohol on the Family2174 Words   |  9 PagesAlcohol Dependence, also known as alcoholism, is a very widespread disabling addictive disorder, affecting 4% of Canadians. Alcoholism may start innocuously, due to the acceptability of social drinking, but over time, can lead to serious health problems, including brain, kidney and liver damage. Although alcoholics seem to be doing the most damage to themselves, they are hurting their families even more. Lesser-known, but just as serious victims of alcohol abuse are the alcoholics’ children. TheRead MoreSummary Of All Families In Later Life1723 Words   |  7 Pagesgiven metropolitan area is arguably not a labor market characteristic per se, it is a structural factor (much like welfare benefit levels) that varies across labor markets and that m ay modify individual labor market outcomes. Increasing levels of racial residential segregation may increase minority poverty by limiting access to employment opportunities. Furthermore, in highly segregated areas, the racial discrimination that often accompanies segregation (Massey and Denton 1993) often makes it harderRead MoreHistorical Perspective of Alcoholism2104 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Alcohol is the oldest and still probably the most widely used drug today. Some consider alcohol as an opponent but many consider it as an ally. Moderate amounts stimulate the mind and relax the muscles, but larger amounts impair coordination and judgment, finally producing coma and death. It is an addictive drug leading to alcoholism. Alcohol is known since antiquity to have some therapeutic value. Opium and alcohol had long been used as analgesics. Greek medicine had employed wineRead MoreHesi Practice31088 Words   |  125 PagesIneffective coping. B. Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements. C. Imbalaneed nutrition: More than body requirements. D. Interrupted family processes. 5. The nurse is caring for a client who underwent a subtotal gastrectomy. To manage dumping syndrome, the nurse should advise the client to A. restrict fluid intake to 1 qt (1,000 mL)/day. B. drink liquids only with meals. C. don t drink liquids 2 hours before meals. D. drink liquids only between m eals. 6. A client seeks care for low back painRead MorePsy 244 Essay10464 Words   |  42 Pagesthe child) Continuity vs. discontinuity- each new event builds on earlier experiences vs. series of discrete steps or stages in which behaviors get reorganized into qualitatively new set of behaviors Situational influences vs. individual characteristics Cultural universals vs. cultural relativism Risk and resilience What are the contrasting ideas, or principles, about development to which each theme refers? 2. In his theory of mental development, what position on the theme of continuity-discontinuityRead MoreUnit 2 study guide8637 Words   |  35 Pagesneuropathies. neuropathic pain- results from primary injury to the peripheral or central nervous system and is not the result of pain signaling from peripheral tissues or organs peripheral neuropathic pain- caused by peripheral nerve trauma, diabetic or alcohol abuse-induced neuropathy, carcinoma, nutritional deficiencies, and HIV. central neuropathic pain- caused by a lesion or dysfunction in the CNS hemiagnosia pain- form of central pain associated with stroke that produces paralysis and hypersensitivity/allodynia

Should Prostitution Be Legalized Canada - 1379 Words

Sexual services have been part of societies for millennia. They date back to as early as ancient Mesopotamia, in which females were spiritually obligated to demonstrate Babylonian hospitality by engaging foreigner in sexual intercourse. Over time, the subject of prostitution has surfaced in spiritual and social discussion, and more recently into legal and moral discourses with an emphasis on the rights of sex workers. Since the recent phenomenon of advanced women’s rights through rigorous activist groups in the late nineteenth to early twentieth century, propelling the advancement of women’s rights movements began to immerge in the first world. At its core, prostitution is not an individual issue, but rather, a societal issue, and†¦show more content†¦Such statistics demonstrate the urgent need for increased protection of these sex workers while on the job. Lack of legal recognition of prostitution as an industry only leaves sex workers vulnerable to abuse in a n unregulated system without safety standards. Prostitutes do not report most assaults to police due to fear of further abuse or being charged for soliciting. Therefore, decriminalization is necessary in order to detach the social stigma from being employed in the sex industry, as it is only then that police will be able to take the cases of these victims seriously, and allow them to experience the full benefits of the justice system. According to the Network of Sex Work Projects, â€Å"historically, anti-trafficking measures have been more concerned with protecting women’s ‘purity’ than with ensuring [sex workers’] human rights.† Therefore, it is essential to decriminalize prostitution should sex workers receive adequate working and human rights. The 2010 case of Bedford v. Canada, Terri Bedford, along with several other prostitutes, argued to the courts that the criminalization of prostitution placed their lives and safety at risk. Criminalizati on of prostitution impartially prosecutes exploiters and protectors, such as bodyguards, further intercepting prostitute’s attempts to

Dumas Method Molecular Weight Determination Example For Students

Dumas Method: Molecular Weight Determination Dumas Method Background of the Study Problem In this experiment, an unknown liquid is in need to be identified and one of the key factors to identify it is to determine its molecular weight. In order to determine the molecular weight of a particular substance which in this experiment’s case is a volatile liquid, the need to convert the liquid into a gas arises. The relation among the pressure, volume, temperature and the number of moles of a gas will be an important key in the conclusion of its molecular weight. However, in the process of vaporization, there is a possibility that some of the vaporized liquid will escape the flask and will be replaced with air. If this happens, it will incorporate error in the measurement of the mass of the vaporized liquid, thus contributing error in the computations for its molecular weight. Objectives The experiment aims to: ï‚ · Determine the molecular weight of benzene and an unknown liquid by applying the simple variation of the Dumas Method which is an appropriate process in the determination of organic volatile substances that are liquid at room temperature. Utilize the Ideal Gas Law and Berthelot’s equation in connection with the experiment Get a hint in the identity of the unknown volatile liquid. II. ï‚ · ï‚ · Research Questions ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · What is the molecular weight of Benzene? What is the molar mass of the unknown liquid? What is the unknown liquid? Conceptual Framework The Dumas method of molecular weight determination was historically a procedure used to determine the molecular weight of an unknown substance. The Dumas method is appropriate to determine the molecular weights of volatile organic substances that are liquids at room temperature. In the early 19th century, Jean-Baptiste Andrà © Dumas, a distinguished French chemist, created a relatively simple method for determination of the molecular weight of a substance. With this method, molecular weight is calculated by measuring the mass of a known volume of a vaporized liquid. Because the concept of the mole had not been developed in Dumas’ era, he computed relative molecular weights based on relative gas densities. Though Dumas got mixed results based on erroneous assumptions concerning elements in the gas phase, he is credited with establishing values for the molecular weights of thirty elements. In the modern version of the Dumas procedure, an Erlenmeyer flask is used rather than the glass bulb of Dumas’ day. The temperature, pressure and volume of the vapor are determined and the molar mass is found utilizing the Ideal Gas Law. The procedure entailed placing a small quantity of the unknown substance into a tared vessel of known volume. The vessel is then heated in a boiling water bath; all the air within the flask would be expelled, replaced by the vapor of the unknown substance. When no remaining liquid can be observed, the vessel may be sealed (e.g. with a flame), dried, and weighed. By subtracting the tare of the vessel, the actual mass of the unknown vapor within the vessel can be calculated. Assuming the unknown compound obeyed the ideal gas equation, the number of moles of the unknown compound, n, can be determined by PV = nRT where the pressure, P, is the atmospheric pressure, V is the measured volume of the vessel, T is the absolute temperature of the boiling water bath, and R is the ideal gas constant. By dividing the mass in grams of the vapor within the vessel by the calculated number of moles, the molecular weight may be obtained. Two major assumptions are used in this method: ï‚ · The compound vapor behaves ideally. Essay About MyselfV References Grider, Douglas J., Tobiason, Joseph D., Tobiason, Fred L. (1988). Molecular Weight Determination by an Improved Temperature Monitored Vapor Density Method. Journal of Chemical Education, 65 (7), 641. Kaya, Julie J., Campbell, J. Arthur (1967). Molecular Weights from Dumas Bulb Experiments. Journal of Chemical Education, 44 (7), 394. APPENDIX A Computations of Data and Results A. Benzene Pcorr = 24.94 inHg – 24.94 inHg 1 + 18.810-5 (24.89) Pcorr = 24.82607485 inHg Mair = (24.82607485 inHg) (1 atm / 29.92 inHg) (0.137 L) (29g/mol) (0.08205 L-atm/K-mol) (298.04 K) Mair = 0.0110609004 g Mvapor = 77.2679 g – 76.8648 g + 0.0110609004 g Mvapor = 0.4141609004 g MW = (0.4141609004g)(0.08205)(298.04K) 128(48.30989391)(298.04) (298.04 )2 MWbenzene = 84.9687g/mol % error = I 78 – 84.9687I x 100% 78 % error = 8.9342 % B. Unknown Liquid Pcorr = 25.14 inHg – 25.14 inHg 1 + 18.810-5 (25.667) Pcorr = 24.02188244 inHg Mair = (24.02188244 inHg) (1 atm / 29.92 inHg) (0.1375 L) (29g/mol) (0.08205 L-atm/K-mol) (298.817 K) Mair = 0.1305756683 g Mvapor = 77.2679 g – 76.8648 g + 0.1305756683 g Mvapor = 0.4237756683 g MWunknown liquid = (0.4237756683 g)(0.08205 L-atm/K-mol)(298.817 K) (24.02188244 inHg)(1 atm/ 29.92 inHg)(0.1375 L) MWunknown liquid = 94.1180 g/mol